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William believes that lack of access to medical care or education for some members of society, such as Hispanics, can be justified because minority groups are simply inferior to Whites in the society, so we don’t need to change anything about our system to accommodate them. Which of the following best describes William’s believes about other groups?
Social Dominance Orientation
Authoritarianism
Group threat
In-group bias
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding subjective and objective scales?
Subjective scales’ rating points can be differentially defined and adjusted
Objective scales’ units maintain a constant meaning across contexts
Perceivers’ response of “very competent” on subjective scales may meant different things for different participants
Objective scales are biased and are not as useful as subjective scales
Which of the following belief systems supports the notion that we have a fair system and people are exactly where they should be in our social hierarchy?
Essentialism
SDO
Ingroup preference
Both A and B
Which of the following is a problem of traditional (simultaneous) lineups?
People make relative judgments by comparing each suspect to each other
They require advanced techniques and knowledge to be administered properly
Innocent individuals are presented as fillers in traditional lineups
The person who committed the crime may or may not be in the lineup
Which of the following individuals is more likely to be selected for a hierarchy-enhancing job, such as a business executive?
Chris, a real estate agent who has a high SDO score
Sarah who recently graduated with her BA in communication
John, a recent graduate student with low SDO score
Tommy, who is passionate about equality and immigration policies
Erik has an entity theory of human behavior, and he is performing an X-probe task. According to research on attention and stereotyping, which of the following patterns of responses would we most expect:
Slower reaction time to the “X” that appears following stereotype-confirming information
Faster reaction time to the “X” that appears following stereotype-disconfirming information
Slower reaction time to the “X” that appears following stereotype-disconfirming information
B and C
Referring to John as “fairly smart” is an example of language while referring to his IQ score as an indication of his smartness is a/an _ measure.
Objective, Subjective
Within-category, Objective
Subjective, Objective
Cross-category, Objective
According to Hugenburg’s work on Cross Race Recognition Deficit, which of the statements is true?
One’s motivation to encode in-group and out- group members matters
People encode individuals differently depending on perceived group status
Social context in which individuals recognize others as ingroup/outgroup matters
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of subjective scale?
Likert-type scale ranging from very unpleasant to very pleasant
IQ scores
Timed exams/responses
None of the Above
After witnessing an event, exposure to misleading information about the event could result in memory distortion. This is known as:
Misinformation effect
Memory Implantation
Mistaken Identification
Biased memory
According to the study by Wells, removing the real suspect from the 6-person lineup leads to:
substantial increase of “none” option
picking a filler that looks most like the actual suspect
correctly decreasing false identification of others
correctly stating that the suspect is not in the line-up
Los Angeles Police Department is trying to improve their line-up procedures. Which of the following practices would benefit them?
Administering double-blind line ups
Adding more fillers to their line ups
Providing pre-line up instructions
All of the above
Anna was a witness to a crime that occurred at a party. Few days after the incident, the officers called her in to the station to identify the suspect. Which of the following examples is best for avoiding guessing bias?
Officers telling Anna to take her time after she picked a suspect from the photo lineup
Officers asking her “are you sure?” once she picks the suspect to allow her to make a confident response
Officers stating to Anna that the suspect may or may not be in the photo line up
Officers telling Anna who they think the suspect is and ask her to confirm it
Hugenberg’s research on schematic effects on categorization shows that:
Target prototypicality influences stereotype activation
People who are high in implicit prejudice are slower to categorize Black faces as happy
Racially ambiguous target faces tend to be categorized as White
A and B
Three days after witnessing a crime at a gas station, Christopher was called to the police station to identify the suspect from a lineup. While he recalled the suspect as an Asian man, he had a hard time identifying the suspect in the lineup and stated to one of the officers that “They all look the same”. Which of the following statements can explain his inability to identify the suspect?
While witnessing the crime, Christopher did not have enough time to study the suspect’s facial features carefully
Christopher cannot identify the suspect because the officers selected individuals for the lineup that share many similar characteristics
This can be due to cross race recognition deficit since we are more likely to recognize faces that belong to our own racial group than outgroups.
Christopher’s personal stereotypes toward Asian men is hindering his ability to make a correct identification.
John grew up in household where both of his parents served in the military. Growing up, his parents were very strict and set firm boundaries and rules that had to be followed. Particularly, John was taught to always obey law enforcement and to not question their authority. When John grew up and left for college, he seemed to clash with his classmates who believed in defunding the police and who also missed class to go to protests. He felt like his classmates were disrupting the peace and that they deserved to be arrested. Which of the following statements best describe John’s attitude and behavior toward his classmates?
John grew up in an Authoritarian household where obedience and respect for authority were the most important virtues for children to learn
John grew up in an Authoritarian household where he was taught that people who violate conventional standards must be punished
John grew up in a household where he was taught to believe that minorities did not deserve legal protection
Both A and B
In their study of judgments about group’s trait characteristics, Sherman, Klein, Laskey, and Wyer (1998), found that:
For groups described positively, judgments about the out-group were accomplished by retrieving from memory specific behaviors performed by group members.
For groups described positively, judgments about the in-group were accomplished by retrieving from memory specific behaviors performed by group members.
For groups described negatively, judgments about the out-group were accomplished by retrieving specific behaviors performed by group members.
Regardless of positive or negative traits, judgments about the out-group were accomplished by retrieving from memory specific behaviors performed by group members
According to research by Glick et al. (1997) and Rudman & Glick (1999), which of the following individuals is most likely to be penalized?
Sally, a highly agentic woman who is a CEO of a large company
Sarah, a friendly and competent woman who is a manager at a technology company
Brianne, an incompetent but friendly woman who is a preschool teacher
All of the above would be penalized
According to the study by Bodenhausen on stereotypical and counter-stereotypical behaviors, which of the following justifications are expected regarding Lamar (Black man) and John (White man) who assaulted a co-worker at their job?
Participants are more likely to indicate that Lamar assaulted the coworker because he is an angry and short-tempered man
Participants are equally likely to attribute Both Lamar and John’s behavior to the circumstance under which the assault happened
Participants are more likely to attribute John’s behavior to external factors such as him receiving bad news in the morning
Both A and C
According to the study by Sherman on source monitoring, which of the following is most likely to take place under a cognitive load?
When participants possess full processing capacity, they are less likely to rely on their stereotypes to aid in the judgment process.
When items are familiar and capacity is restricted, stereotypes are more likely to be used as memory cues
New information that has never been encountered by participants can produce source confusion
Both A and B
Which of the following is NOT an estimator variable?
Lighting when the crime took place
The distance from which the witness saw the perpetrator.
The degree of stress or trauma a witness experienced while seeing the perpetrator
Identification procedures such as photo lineups
Which of the following is FALSE regarding benevolent prejudice?
Benevolent prejudices are more difficult to change because they seem positive
Benevolent prejudice affords prejudiced individuals with moral credentials
Benevolent prejudice and hostile prejudice are slightly negatively correlated
Benevolent prejudice is insidious because the targets of such prejudices might buy into them
According to Biernat, why is it complicated to compare evaluations of men and women on leadership competence to each other?
There are different standards of comparison on leadership competence between men and women
We judge individual members of stereotyped groups on stereotyped dimensions with reference to within-category standards
Both of the above
None of the above
A doctor has been working long shifts and is sleep deprived. One night at work, she is ranting to her coworker and uses a racial slur. This is an example of:
Regressive prejudice
Aversive prejudice
Moral regression
Symbolic prejudice
Targets of envious prejudice are those who are seen as _ and __:
warm; competent
cold; competent
cold; incompetent
warm; incompetent
Which of the following statements is in line with Essentialist beliefs?
All Asian people look the same and share many similarities with each other
Hispanic and Black people are very similar to each other
Individual behaviors can distinguish a person from his/her group
People can choose to be a part of multiple social categories
People who score high on SDO scale are also more likely to score high on _
Empathy
Support for capitalism
Tolerance
Outgroup favoritism
Monin’s work on moral credentials shows that:
People who endorse egalitarian values are less likely to express aversive prejudice
Acting in a non-prejudiced manner can increase future prejudiced behavior
Feeling secure in one’s moral identity tends to produce unbiased behavior
A and C
Which of the following individuals is more likely to have a high score on Social Dominance Orientation scale?
Luke, who is a CEO of a financial company and is known as a “shark” for his competitiveness in the field
James who is from a middle-class family working as an electrician
Jamil, who is an international student from Pakistan
Shanice, who is a part time teacher and a mother of two
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